Mikhai Gorbachev

During the 1960 and 1970 ;s the Soviet IUnion communist leader shipt kept tight control over the Soviet people. The communist party restricted rights such as freedom of speech and worship. After Brezhnev;s died in 1982 the Soviet union try to hold power. Their were two mans Victor Grishin and Milkhail Gorbachec that were two young leaders. Gorbachev became the party new general secretary. After choosing him the Politburo members signalled their support for the Mid Soviet Union. However, this led to a Russian Revolution. Gorbachev;s was welcome by the Soviet Union. He was the youngest leader of age of 54 of the Soviet union since Stalin. When Stalin was in power Gorbachev was just a kid . However when Gorbachev took power he didnt follow Stalin policies. He has new ideas. Later on Gorbachev realized that economic and social reforms could not occur without a flee flow of ideas and info. Then he came up with a idea in 1985 he announced a policy such called glasnost or opennes. He brought a lot of changes he allowed churches to open again . Then later on in 1985 Gorbachev announced the new idea of perestroika or economic restruction. Then in he made a change in 1986 to revive the Soviet company. His goal was to make communism more efficient and productive but not to get rid off. He said that the Soviet Union would not oppose reform. His words were “Each people determines the future of its own country and chooses its own form of society,” he announced. “There must be no interference from outside, no matter what the pretext.” However it was hard to get rid of communism Gorbachev did by he took his time.

The collapse of Communism

The fall of communism was a major point in history . For examople the cold war has benen going on for sso long and then it ended. Then the Diplomats finally had the opportunioties to enter the soviet union. There are many reason why communism collapse. In 1985 Mikhail Gorbachec became the leader of the Soviet union and it relaxed the Communist strictures with the reform policies of glasnost . The soviet union didnr interverse ass the Soviet bloc nations of Poland, east Germany, Czechoslvakia, Bulgaria, Romania and Hunagery all abondener or ran away from the dictatorial communist rule by the year 1990 and 1991. By 21 century the Communist party dicctatorship held poweer of China ,m Cuba, laos,l North Korea and Vietnam. Cuba had to reduce the state control of the economy in order to stimulate groth. However there economic reform was permitted their communist parties have proved economic reform has been permitted in this country. The Berling wall then came crashing down, Easter and Westers could form more economic and social tilel. Although at first it was a economic dissaster they were able to control it after This Berlin Wall meant people were not able to cross border from communist East Germany to Democratic West Germany or vice versa. This wall seperated fifteen different Republics and they were Armenia, Azerbajan, Belarus, Estonia, Kazakhstan, Georgia, Kyrgystan, Lativa, Lithuania, Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. The Soviet red hammer and sicke flag was replaced with many seperate flags as the newly founded countries declared sovereignity

Nelson Mandela

The Aparheid system is system that nonwhites are classified as Bantu(black) colored (mixed) or the Indins did not share the full rights of citizenship with the whitge minority. An example of the Aparheid system was that black people could not vot end up to 1990 many publick facilites didnt permite the use of one race. It was just simple a system of discrimanation, people were seperated according to the color or race into different regions. The whites had many advantages they had housing, jobs education and alot of political power. Anthough South Africa is going throught this systmem, then it was until 1991 that the system begain to collapse, then in 1993 it was thrown out altogether with the election of Nelson Mandela, he was the first black demoscraticazlly to be elected as President of South Africa.

Nelson Mandela was a fighter. By this I mean, instead of hiim bowing down to the system he fought to get rid of the system and to get Africa freedom. He started out as leader of underground political movemnt called the Nation congress( ANC). He was agains the system and against of the white having all the power. However his carrer in ANC was not for to long, he was sentenced to life to prison. Their was no reason for Nelson to be in jail, the white South Africa governemt just didnt want Nelson to get in the way. However even in jail he fought for his right still he didnt stop he continued to be a beacon. In 1990 after 27 years of prison Mandela was finally free. Then less than fiver years he had ended the aparheid and he wa awarded the NOble Peace Price, and was elected as president. Now everyone in African had equal rights and equal oportunities. Nelson Mandela he freed Africa from the whites and the system.

African Independence

Answer: The countries of African were unwilling to return to colonial domination of World WarII. It was hard to built African independence because the European imperialist had divided up the continent and it had left the countries without no preperation to be able to deal with the independence. Then they form the Negritude movement a movement to celebrate African culture, heitage and values. The African soldier in Worl WarII fought alongside Europeans to defend freedom. The African wanted elected not nonminated representatives and they wanted Freedom now. Infact, a leader of a largerly nonviolent protest was Kwame Nkrumah , hhe worked hard to liberate the Gold Coast from the British. Then later on in 1958 there was the first Pan Afriican meetings held in Unity ( OAU ) in 1963. One of the strong leadership of Kenya nationalist was Jomo Kenyata who educated in London. Then the second was the rise of the Mau Mau. Then around the time that Kenya got their independence by thng e British, by the end their was 10,000 black Kenyans and 100 white Kenya. Then congo gain independence. Congo had alot of goods rubber and copper. Then in 1960 Congo got their independence from Belgium's. Then Alegria fight for their independece. The conflict that Alegria began in 1945. French troops fired on Alegria nationalist who were demonstrating in town of Setif. France claimed to offer full citizensohip rights to its colonial subjects. Then Angola gains its independence. The Europeans had been the first europenas to eneter Africa 400 years ago and they were the last to leave. Portugal dint want to give up any of its colonies. Then by the end of WWII Angola had no education or health facilities. Then toward the end some Angola had edication. Then the Portuguese ended Angola in 1975 without formally giving over power to anyone.One of the leader was leopold Senghor later he beccame the president of Senegal he was very important.