Mikhai Gorbachev

During the 1960 and 1970 ;s the Soviet IUnion communist leader shipt kept tight control over the Soviet people. The communist party restricted rights such as freedom of speech and worship. After Brezhnev;s died in 1982 the Soviet union try to hold power. Their were two mans Victor Grishin and Milkhail Gorbachec that were two young leaders. Gorbachev became the party new general secretary. After choosing him the Politburo members signalled their support for the Mid Soviet Union. However, this led to a Russian Revolution. Gorbachev;s was welcome by the Soviet Union. He was the youngest leader of age of 54 of the Soviet union since Stalin. When Stalin was in power Gorbachev was just a kid . However when Gorbachev took power he didnt follow Stalin policies. He has new ideas. Later on Gorbachev realized that economic and social reforms could not occur without a flee flow of ideas and info. Then he came up with a idea in 1985 he announced a policy such called glasnost or opennes. He brought a lot of changes he allowed churches to open again . Then later on in 1985 Gorbachev announced the new idea of perestroika or economic restruction. Then in he made a change in 1986 to revive the Soviet company. His goal was to make communism more efficient and productive but not to get rid off. He said that the Soviet Union would not oppose reform. His words were “Each people determines the future of its own country and chooses its own form of society,” he announced. “There must be no interference from outside, no matter what the pretext.” However it was hard to get rid of communism Gorbachev did by he took his time.

The collapse of Communism

The fall of communism was a major point in history . For examople the cold war has benen going on for sso long and then it ended. Then the Diplomats finally had the opportunioties to enter the soviet union. There are many reason why communism collapse. In 1985 Mikhail Gorbachec became the leader of the Soviet union and it relaxed the Communist strictures with the reform policies of glasnost . The soviet union didnr interverse ass the Soviet bloc nations of Poland, east Germany, Czechoslvakia, Bulgaria, Romania and Hunagery all abondener or ran away from the dictatorial communist rule by the year 1990 and 1991. By 21 century the Communist party dicctatorship held poweer of China ,m Cuba, laos,l North Korea and Vietnam. Cuba had to reduce the state control of the economy in order to stimulate groth. However there economic reform was permitted their communist parties have proved economic reform has been permitted in this country. The Berling wall then came crashing down, Easter and Westers could form more economic and social tilel. Although at first it was a economic dissaster they were able to control it after This Berlin Wall meant people were not able to cross border from communist East Germany to Democratic West Germany or vice versa. This wall seperated fifteen different Republics and they were Armenia, Azerbajan, Belarus, Estonia, Kazakhstan, Georgia, Kyrgystan, Lativa, Lithuania, Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. The Soviet red hammer and sicke flag was replaced with many seperate flags as the newly founded countries declared sovereignity

Nelson Mandela

The Aparheid system is system that nonwhites are classified as Bantu(black) colored (mixed) or the Indins did not share the full rights of citizenship with the whitge minority. An example of the Aparheid system was that black people could not vot end up to 1990 many publick facilites didnt permite the use of one race. It was just simple a system of discrimanation, people were seperated according to the color or race into different regions. The whites had many advantages they had housing, jobs education and alot of political power. Anthough South Africa is going throught this systmem, then it was until 1991 that the system begain to collapse, then in 1993 it was thrown out altogether with the election of Nelson Mandela, he was the first black demoscraticazlly to be elected as President of South Africa.

Nelson Mandela was a fighter. By this I mean, instead of hiim bowing down to the system he fought to get rid of the system and to get Africa freedom. He started out as leader of underground political movemnt called the Nation congress( ANC). He was agains the system and against of the white having all the power. However his carrer in ANC was not for to long, he was sentenced to life to prison. Their was no reason for Nelson to be in jail, the white South Africa governemt just didnt want Nelson to get in the way. However even in jail he fought for his right still he didnt stop he continued to be a beacon. In 1990 after 27 years of prison Mandela was finally free. Then less than fiver years he had ended the aparheid and he wa awarded the NOble Peace Price, and was elected as president. Now everyone in African had equal rights and equal oportunities. Nelson Mandela he freed Africa from the whites and the system.

African Independence

Answer: The countries of African were unwilling to return to colonial domination of World WarII. It was hard to built African independence because the European imperialist had divided up the continent and it had left the countries without no preperation to be able to deal with the independence. Then they form the Negritude movement a movement to celebrate African culture, heitage and values. The African soldier in Worl WarII fought alongside Europeans to defend freedom. The African wanted elected not nonminated representatives and they wanted Freedom now. Infact, a leader of a largerly nonviolent protest was Kwame Nkrumah , hhe worked hard to liberate the Gold Coast from the British. Then later on in 1958 there was the first Pan Afriican meetings held in Unity ( OAU ) in 1963. One of the strong leadership of Kenya nationalist was Jomo Kenyata who educated in London. Then the second was the rise of the Mau Mau. Then around the time that Kenya got their independence by thng e British, by the end their was 10,000 black Kenyans and 100 white Kenya. Then congo gain independence. Congo had alot of goods rubber and copper. Then in 1960 Congo got their independence from Belgium's. Then Alegria fight for their independece. The conflict that Alegria began in 1945. French troops fired on Alegria nationalist who were demonstrating in town of Setif. France claimed to offer full citizensohip rights to its colonial subjects. Then Angola gains its independence. The Europeans had been the first europenas to eneter Africa 400 years ago and they were the last to leave. Portugal dint want to give up any of its colonies. Then by the end of WWII Angola had no education or health facilities. Then toward the end some Angola had edication. Then the Portuguese ended Angola in 1975 without formally giving over power to anyone.One of the leader was leopold Senghor later he beccame the president of Senegal he was very important.

Film Lesson: "The Right Stuff"

The Cold War was describes as the control competition and hostility that developed between US and USSR. During WII the USSR were the US alliance, however after the World War II they were no longer alliances they were enemies. The US hate communism and the Russia are communism, while the US is capitalism. In the film the US and the USSR were competing about who is going first to space. The USSR was always more ahead then the US the USSR went to space first. However then the US went to the moon, which made them more ahead, the US was winning the competition. Some scenes from the film that will help me remember about the cold war events is when the launch the ship up into space and when they try so many times and some of the time the mission failed. Also they send monkey into space first instead of humans because they were scared of the humans dying. However this made US look bad because the Russia went to space and didn't send monkeys they send humans. Another scene is when they were trying to get the plane much more further and they accomplish it. The Cold War their wasn't violence just a lot of talking.

NATO and The Warsaw Pact

After World War II the countries of Western Europe found themselves very weak politically and military to prevent more communist.Nato is an organization that has to do with countries such as Europe and North America. NATO stands for the The North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The reason was Nato was for alliance, so if one country of their alliance was attacked then the other countries will come and aide.In 1950 the NATO got into a agreement with the US to protect other members. The headquarters are in Brussels Belgium and the organization constitutes is a system of collective defense. Very little time passed before they realized that Western Europe turn to a more inclusive North Atlantic Treaty, which was a agreenment that was 12 nations and plus the United Kingdom and the United states. Then after the treaty of North Atlantic treaty was signed April 4, 1949. Western Europe power relied on the massive nuclear arsenal of the United States to deter a Soviet ground invasions. The NATO was then transformed from a military force to a political force
. Six years after the NATO then came the Warsaw Pact (originally Warsaw Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance) which is a form of communist military aliance to maintain power over the Eastern Europe. Now the Soviet Union gained control over Europe nations and it was a major military and political force. After many democratic revolutions within the Warsaw Pact it was labeled "nonexistent" in 1991.

Schindler List

Schindler List illustrates in the Holocaust how they were  taken out of their home  to move to the ghetto with all the Jews because  they didn't them there. Also when the Jews were sent to the concentration camps and were put to work really hard, some where killed because they weren't that strong. In fact, kids were killed because of their weakness of strength. On the other hand, their were many dead bodies. Their were many powerful scenes in the movie, for example when they burn the bodies, when  the killed the Jews specially the kids, the shock of so much dead bodies, how the kids were so afraid to die that they hide anywhere they could find; under the floor, below the toilets, under the beds anywhere they could find.  The most powerful was the children how much the suffered. Images that stayed with me was when i saw the people dying and when i saw the little kids  being taken away and their family or parents running and crying,  and the face of the childrens very scare. etc

Film Lesson: Night and Fog

Night and Fog is a documentary film about the Nazi in the concentration camp. The film is directed by Alain Resnais and written by jean Caryon who won the Jean virgo for 1956. Some of my reactions to "Night and fog" was very surprised shock, very sad and its so hard to believe how humans can do this to other human being. Yes, I find the film very powerful, a lot of dead bodies, a lot of cruelty, a lot of unfairness, it shows how much pain the Jews had to live with, little kids so young dying, babies getting killed,  how much the Jews worked and they weren't feed or anything,  it showed the crematory, the ovens , the bathroom, it just makes you just want to cry. It compares with the scene you view from Schindler's list because some of the scenes from the documentary night and Fog are used in Schindler's list. For example the scene of the train when they are about to go in it. The documentary shows you more of the Holocaust because it shows you what really happened is not making anything up or adding any more scenes.

Treaty of Versaille

The treaty of versailles was the treaty that ended World War1. It ended the war between germany and the Allied Powers. Five years after the assassination ofArchduke Franz Ferinad the treaty was sign on june 28 1919. One of the major thing that that the Treaty said was that Germany and its allies had to accept responsibility for causing the war, so pretty much the war was blame on them.They also had to pay reparation to any countries that got involved in the war. The treaty versailles took time to take place eventhough it was signed in 1919 ,six months passs and then the negotiations at Paris Peace conference. I think the treaty was't fair because it blamed eveything on the Germans. They say that the treaty of versaukke ked to the rse of fascism and Adolph Hitler because the German economic had went downs the people armed force was viewed as an embarrassment and the Germans felt very down and insecure .Fascism and Adolh wanted to take revenge.

Mustafa Kemal (aka: Ataturk)

The ottoman Empire was one of the biggest empires. It was very large. The Ottaman empire was one of the loosing side that lost durig WW1. In conclusion of WW1 the empire split up to many countries , for example one was Turkey.AS presidentfor 15 yrs,Mustafa kemal Ataturk he introduced the abroad range and swift and sweeping reforms. He hade many achievement in Turkey.However the most were after the claer WESTERn ideal . He believed that the way that Muslim countries should be run is by outlived itself. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk basicly wanted to modernize Turkey.He introduces abroad rang a political system that took many thing from Wester system, he never alloed no political pluralism only allowed his own Republican People's party. He also introduces the abroad range of swift and sweeping reforms; in political, social legal, economic, and and andultural sphere, to give his nation happiness and make everybody equal, that what he wanted(Equal rights)

*secular: is the state of being separate from religion

Ghandhi

Gandhi help the nation of Indian to gain independence from Great Britain by using non violence, he believe that violence did';t need to be use. Even though the British attacked the them, the Indians, muslims or other didn't attack back. For example April 13, 1919 a bunch of Punjabis gathered in Amristsar;s Jallian wala Bagh to protest and talk about their independence then the British troops ordered 50 soldiers to fire all the people that were gathered. However the people didn't fight back they just ran and try to hide. From 1918 to 1922 the movement had become much more stronger. Gandhi led the Indian National showed series of civil disobedience campaigns, that didn't include any violence, what so ever. He organized or group large amount of people to talk about and have meeting, however this was provided Indians couldn't have no meeting what so ever. Gandhi created different cultures, religions and political belief. He got arrested plenty of time but when he did it wasn't for a long time, tho this made him gain more power.Gandhi try to ask the British to stop buying goods from the British and start using Indian goods. Gandhi started to make his own clothes to show the British that he didn't need there stuff and this way by some people following his footstep it would make the economic bad for the British. I do think that that Ghandi had the moat influence for the independence of India, but what help was that WW2 had ended by 1947.

Russians Revolution

The russians had revolution because there was a lot of social gulf between the classes, the peasants who are the former serfs and the land owners, The peasants land was retained by the landowner at the time serfs were freed was stolen by them. Some of the major causes of the revolution in February and October were that they were losing and starving. They never recovered probably a little bit form the Russo-japanese War in 1905. The economy was similar to how it was in 1500's, they didn't experience any revolution, renaissance or Enlightenment. The Russian did not have the technology that the other countries had since the economy of the 1500's. They also didn't have a good leadership, that didn;t pay attention to the needs of the peasant only to their class and themselves. Starvation was a very big cause in the revolution the peasants couldn't grow enough food. Due to World war i the Russia didn't have no technology like the Germans did. It was horrible many people wanted to get out of the due to starvation. Nicholas ii then stepped in and was thinking of getting.out the war. Lenin was the leader of the pole of the communism party. Bolsheviek was the leader of the group .Lenin promisss in the quote for peace, love and bread.

Need to be continue

Cause of WWI

The primary causes of nationalism was that nationalism was ignore in favor of preserving the peace. Nationalism created a problem for Austria Hungary and the Balkan, areas comprised of many conflicting national groups. Militarism was a primary cause most of the countries in the hostile camp were building large armies and navies during they years before. Military office developed and tended to dominate the civil authorities . Before the problem happen the country had drawn up complete plan of the mobilization. The assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria was in 1914 he was shot, he was killed by a Sebian Nationalist. Then after that Germany was with Austria and the Russia move up and defend Balkan friends. Then nationalisnm turn Frechman against German and Russian against Austria
Another reason the Great War started was because of Imperialism, Great Britain, Germany adit was able to spread to differet places like Belgium and the Great Britain. The alliance system was another reason for WWI.

The Opium Wars

Answer: Opium is a preparation made from the juice of poppy seedpodsand usedto produce heroin. The drug waws produce in, shipped from the East Indies to China by British merchants. This drug waws very addicted and had gotten many chinese on it in the early 1800's. This is how the Opium war started off, the Bristish opium trade in China started the world's very first drug in the 19the century, it was reffered as Anglo- Chinese war too.

The opium was introduce as a medicine to the Chinese to treat any diseases such as dysentery, cholera and diarrhea, it treated this diseases it was verty powerful and addicted. Howver then in 1700 Optium was introduce to the china as a drug to mix with tobacco and be smoked by the British. Chinese tea, sil became really popular inthe Western countries around the 18th century. The chinese were very independed they did not want or need anything from Great Britain or any other country.China was self sufficient, there was no other products to export to China so they decided to mix tobaco with Opium and promote smokingin China. Alot of opium was sold more than two million pounds every year to China The british and the Chinese went to war and the British end up killing alot of people. The Chinese realize that if they continue to have flourished trade then there economy will drop and they were gonna end up with no money and teh population was gonna drop to. The british won because of their advance technology and weapons and they trick the chinese too. They made the Chinese sign a treaty of

Film lesson: "Mountains of the Moon"

Answer: In the film" mountains of the Moon" the Europeans faced many hardship as they explored Africa. For example, they didn't have enough food to maintain themselves alive. They had a lot of traveling to do, had to walk a lot and carry a lot of equipment. They were very tired of walking. Some of their equipment were stolen, which was very expensive. Richard Burton got a disease on his leg and could barely walk, he had to be carry. They were attacked and threatened by tribes. Richard Burton was attacked by a lion and John Speke ear got infected by a bug that had went inside his ear. They were very weak, they couldn't find any water to drink from, the first lake that they found was contaminated by diseases and was poison, dead animals were surrounding it. It is strange that the source of the Nile river was name by a British Queen because it was found in African and it should have been named by a African named. The primary technology advantage the Europeans had over Africa people was there advanced technology in weapons,scientific equipment, good clothes, but the African people had arrows, but the Europeans had guns, shields and many other weapons. They europeans were eventually able to conquer the Africa easily by their advanced technology that the African tribes didn't have so they were defeated. The Europeans conquered Africa slowly, it took some time because Africa was much more bigger then what the though.

The Meiji Restoration of Japan

Japan is made by many small islands. Matthew Perry had landed on the coast of japan to negotiate the trades between United States and Japan. Japan had many goods to trade with. Matthew Perry "bullied" the Japanese into signing a trade treaty by impressing them with the movement of their ship with no sails, and their technology. Perry brought to japan the impressive naval force, they left the Japanese with few options other than full compliance with U.S wishes. However, Perry didn't "negotiate" he "bullied" the Japanese to, he use the United States military army which was much more powerful by then the japanese because it was weak and they didn't have such great technology as the United States. The United States destroyed the Japanese town of Kagoshima, and began to force drastically unequal treaties upon the Japanese. The Japanese had no choice.

The Japanese economy went up during the years because of trading with United States. Also they developed more contact with the outside world so more trade. They were able to modernize because they were adopt Wester political, social, and economic institution in so short time. JApan had a highly educate population free of fedial class. They developed better technology whcih it grew indistrial sector. Japain is an ancheopelahgo because is surrounded by many (chain) islands

Karl Marx and Communism

Communism is basicly a economic and political system based on the principle. Karl Marx's never agreed with the idea of capitalism, he didn't agreed with the fact that the rich became more rich and the poor became more poor, there was more benefit for the rich. Then communism came Karl Marx describe communism as not a set of measures to be put into practice after the seizure of power. Communism s considered to be the branch of socialism,a broad group of social and political ideologies which draws on the various political and intellectual movements. ALso it is a equal right among the people, and the system in place of factory owners getting all the money along with others influence. Marx saw the worker as the good guys and the factories owner as the bad guys because they workers were treated unfairly and the boss took advantage of the workers. Marx wanted Communism to take over the world because this way not only the people of England will have equal rights everyone else in the world will have equal rights. This way people were able to be treated how they are suppose to.

Karl Marx and the Industrial Revolution

Karl Marx ideas changes the history of Russia, he was a German. He was born jew, but then his family was converted into christianity because of his dad, job. He did not like the Industrial revolution. He was horrified by the treatment that the workers in Europe. Also he stated that the conditions in the European factories were very bad, harsh and usafe. He also didn't agree that the landlords were able to control factories and farms, he stated that the workers should. He didn't like this rules so he started what is known today the communism . Mark ideas of communism, a word formed for common, stated that workers would share wealth in a communist society. Indeed, Marx wrote that wealth should be distributed" form each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs.........

Nationalism/ italy

Nationalism is the belief that one's greatest loyalty should not be to king or an empire but to a nation of people who share a common culture. I considered myself nationalism because i live in the same borders as other people, speack english as the rest, we all have a common culture, i know about history, we all pay taxes to the government, and also we get along with each other. By this I mean, we can consider ourself as part of this nation. NAtionalism was used to create Italy. in 1858 -1870 many empires join with Italy and tehn ended up to start or vecome the shape of boot. Italy was ajust a a small land before it beame into what is known today Italy. Before they were city state. Before it became into a country it was ruled by Austria-hungary empire. In order to get there freedom they fought and the italian won.

Simon Bolivar

Simon Bloivar was so famous because he libeated the six nations Venuezela, Colombia, Panama, Ecuador , Peru and Boliva from spain. Bolivar becasme the persident of Peru in 1824 to 1826, president of Gran Cololmbia from 1821- 1830 and also president of Boliva in 1825 - 1826. Simon Bolivar was compare to George Wahighnton because of his intelligence, strategies and how much influenced. Boliva was named after Simor Bolivar because he gaved them their independence in Agust 6 182 at the Congress of Upper the republic of Boliva. Bolivar was influenced by the French Greek enlightment, France and the Scottish.